
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language. A style sheet is a collection of rules that tells a web browser how to display a document written in HTML or XML.

From CSS-in-JS, utility class libraries like Tailwind, or writing vanilla CSS, we have content for you.


JavaScript is a programming language that is most commonly used in web browsers. It is also used in server-side programming, game development, and desktop applications. It's an incredibly popular programming language, and is used by millions of developers worldwide. For those that are more interested in backend application, you'll find yourself delving into Node.js. We'll cover all things Javascript on our site!


Javascript


Discover the power of NestJS, a progressive Node.js framework for building efficient, reliable, and scalable server-side applications. Delve into this category to learn about NestJS's core principles, and how it combines the best of Object-Oriented Programming, Functional Programming, and Domain Driven Design. Gain insights into creating modern web applications and become a part of the rapidly growing NestJS community!

NestJS


Next.js is a JavaScript framework that enables you to create server-side rendered React applications. With Next.js, you can create static websites, dynamic websites, and even SPAs (single page applications). Our own blog is built with Next.js, so we'll be making sure to write lots of content focussed on configuration, best practices, and trying to help you level up!

Next.js

Productivity


React.js is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It lets you create reusable components so that your code is easy to read and maintain. When you use React, you can use JavaScript to create UIs for your apps that are responsive and fast. It's is by far the most popular frontend javascript library, and if  you're looking to create dynamic web applications, React is a great choice.

In our articles we will cover a variety of topics, ranging from library integrations, best practices, tips and tricks, and much more. 

React.js


Version control is a system that records changes to a file or set of files over time so that you can recall specific versions later. The most popular version control systems are Git, Mercurial, and Subversion. In our articles, we focus mainly on Git due to its popularity. However, all three systems are very similar and can accomplish the same tasks.

Version Control


Vue.js is a JavaScript framework for building user interfaces. It can be used to build single-page applications or large-scale enterprise applications. Vue.js is a lightweight framework that is easy to learn and use. There is large community behind it, and as a result, a huge variety of libraries and tools are available for it. On our site you'll find plenty of content talking about both Vue 2 and 3. 

If you're just getting started with Vue, we recommend checking out the [official Vue documentation](https://vuejs.org/guide/introduction.html). It provides a thorough introduction to the framework, including a getting started guide and a guide to creating components.

Vue.js


The landscape of web development is constantly evolving, and as a developer, it can be challenging to keep up with the latest frameworks and technologies. While Laravel has been a popular choice among PHP developers for years, NestJS is quickly gaining traction in the Node.js community. In this article, we'll delve into the key differences between Laravel and NestJS, as well as the advantages of migrating over to NestJS for modern web development.

## Laravel vs. NestJS: The Key Differences

### Architecture

**Laravel**: Laravel is a PHP-based web application framework that follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern. Laravel is known for its elegant syntax and powerful tools, such as Eloquent ORM, an expressive syntax that simplifies database querying, and robust CLI functionality with Artisan.

**NestJS**: NestJS is a progressive Node.js framework for building scalable and maintainable server-side applications. Unlike Laravel, NestJS is heavily inspired by Angular and implements a modular architecture based on "modules" and "providers". It adheres to the SOLID principles, which results in a more structured codebase and improved maintainability. Additionally, NestJS embraces TypeScript by default, but can also work with vanilla JavaScript.

### Learning Curve

**Laravel**: Given its years of popularity and the large PHP community, Laravel has an abundance of learning resources, ranging from official documentation to online tutorials, making it relatively easy to learn for PHP developers.

**NestJS**: While NestJS has a smaller community and fewer resources compared to Laravel, those familiar with Angular will find it easier to transition to NestJS, as it borrows concepts like dependency injection and decorators from Angular.

### Performance

**Laravel**: As a PHP framework, Laravel's performance may not be as optimal compared to Node.js-based frameworks, especially when it comes to event-driven and non-blocking scenarios.

**NestJS**: Running on top of Node.js, NestJS benefits from the asynchronous nature and exceptional I/O performance of the Node.js environment, making it an excellent option for high-traffic or real-time applications.

### Ecosystem

**Laravel**: Laravel has a mature ecosystem with a vast range of stable packages and tools, like Laravel Nova, Laravel Spark, and Laravel Forge, to help you build powerful applications.

**NestJS**: Although the NestJS ecosystem is growing, it currently doesn't match the wide variety of packages available for Laravel. Nonetheless, since NestJS is built on Node.js, it can take advantage of the massive npm registry to find suitable packages for various use cases.

## Pros of Moving to NestJS

1. **Scalability**: With its modular architecture and Node.js foundation, NestJS enables the development of highly scalable applications that can handle a large number of concurrent connections with ease.

2. **Type Safety with TypeScript**: NestJS is built with TypeScript, which provides static typing and improved tooling, thereby allowing developers to catch errors early and write more robust code.

3. **Code Organization**: Relying on SOLID principles and Angular-like structure, NestJS promotes a cleaner, more maintainable codebase, which facilitates better collaboration within development teams.

4. **Real-time Applications**: NestJS supports the development of real-time applications out of the box, making it easier to build WebSockets or GraphQL-based applications.

5. **Active Community and Future Prospects**: NestJS has an active and growing community, which translates to regular updates, new packages, and support from the developer ecosystem.

In conclusion, NestJS may represent the future of web development— but that doesn't mean Laravel is going away anytime soon. Ultimately, the choice to migrate from Laravel to NestJS will depend on your project requirements, the skill sets of your team, and your familiarity with the language and architectural concepts. Regardless of which framework you choose, continue to expand your skill set and embrace new technologies to stay ahead in the ever-evolving landscape of web development.

Jump into this insightful guide on moving from Laravel to NestJS - learn the key differences, the pros of NestJS, and how it can transform your web development experience.

Moving from Laravel to NestJS: Key Differences and Benefits


NestJS is a powerful and popular Node.js framework that allows developers to build highly scalable and performant server-side applications. However, as with any software project, there are always opportunities to optimize and improve the performance of your NestJS applications.

In this article, we'll explore some of the best tips and tricks for improving the performance of your NestJS project. Whether you're working on a large-scale enterprise application or a smaller project, these tips can help you ensure that your NestJS application is running at its best.

## 1. Optimize Your Database Queries

One of the most common performance bottlenecks in any web application is slow database queries. In a NestJS project, you can use the powerful TypeORM library to interact with your database. However, if you're not careful, your queries can quickly become slow and inefficient.

To optimize your database queries, there are a few key things you can do:

- Use indexes: Indexes can significantly speed up your queries by allowing the database to quickly find the data it needs. Be sure to add indexes to any columns you frequently query or use in a WHERE clause.
- Avoid SELECT *: Instead of selecting all columns in a table, only select the columns you need. This can help reduce the amount of data returned and speed up your queries.
- Use eager loading: If you frequently load related entities, use eager loading to fetch them all at once instead of making multiple queries.

## 2. Cache Frequently Accessed Data

Caching is a technique that can help speed up your application by storing frequently accessed data in memory. In a NestJS project, you can use the powerful caching library, [cache-manager](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cache-manager), to easily add caching to your application.

To get the most out of caching, consider these tips:

- Use the right expiration time: Set an appropriate expiration time for your cached data. If the data changes frequently, set a shorter expiration time to ensure that your users always see the most up-to-date data.
- Invalidate cache on updates: When you update data, be sure to invalidate the corresponding cache keys. This ensures that users see the most up-to-date data after an update.
- Use a distributed cache: If you're running your application across multiple servers, use a distributed cache to ensure that all servers have access to the same cached data.

## 3. Use Compression

Compression is a technique that can help reduce the amount of data transferred between your application and the client, which can significantly improve performance. In a NestJS project, you can use the compression middleware to easily add compression to your application.

When using compression, consider the following tips:

- Use the right compression level: Compression can be CPU-intensive, so be sure to use the right compression level for your application. In most cases, the default compression level is sufficient.
- Compress all responses: Be sure to compress all responses from your application, including JSON and HTML responses.
- Use caching: Since compression is CPU-intensive, consider caching compressed responses to reduce the workload on your server.

## 4. Optimize Your TypeScript Configuration

TypeScript is a powerful language that allows you to write safer and more maintainable code. However, if your TypeScript configuration is not optimized, it can significantly slow down your development and compilation times.

To optimize your TypeScript configuration, consider the following tips:

- Use the right target: Set the target to the lowest version of JavaScript that your application supports. This can significantly reduce the size of your compiled code.
- Use incremental compilation: Incremental compilation can significantly speed up your compilation times by only recompiling the files that have changed.
- Use a faster compiler: If you're still experiencing slow compilation times, consider switching to a faster TypeScript compiler, such as [ttypescript](https://github.com/cevek/ttypescript) or [swc](https://swc.rs/).

## 5. Use a Load Balancer

If you're running your NestJS application on multiple servers, you can use a load balancer to distribute incoming requests across your servers. This can help improve performance by ensuring that no single server becomes overloaded.

When using a load balancer, consider these tips:

- Use a sticky session: To ensure that a user's session is always handled by the same server, use a sticky session. This can help prevent issues with session data being lost between requests.
- Use health checks: Use health checks to ensure that your load balancer only sends requests to healthy servers.
- Use a load balancer with SSL termination: If you're using SSL/TLS, use a load balancer that can terminate SSL/TLS connections. This can help reduce the workload on your servers.

## Conclusion

Improving the performance of your NestJS application can be a complex task, but with the right tips and tricks, you can ensure that your application is running at its best. By optimizing your database queries, using caching, compression, and load balancing, and optimizing your TypeScript configuration, you can create a highly performant and scalable application that will delight your users.

Remember to always monitor your application's performance and make adjustments as necessary to ensure that it continues to run smoothly. With these tips and tricks, you're well on your way to building fast and efficient NestJS applications that will impress even the most experienced developers.

Discover the best tips and tricks for improving the performance of your NestJS project, with insights from experienced developers.

NestJS Performance Optimization: Expert Tips


The web development world moves at breakneck speed, and a core tenet of maintaining high-quality code while delivering new features is to implement solid testing strategies. React, as one of the dominant JavaScript libraries, has a wide range of testing tools and best practices for unit testing. In this article, we will explore the importance of unit testing in React, key testing tools, and how to effectively apply them to create more dependable code.

## The Importance of Unit Testing in React

Writing unit tests for your React applications has several benefits:

1. **Confidence in code**: Well-written unit tests reassure developers that code modifications will not break existing features.
2. **Easier code maintainability**: Unit tests act as documentation for your code, making it easier to understand and maintain both for yourself and fellow developers.
3. **Quick bug detection**: When a bug arises, unit tests help pinpoint its location, enabling a swift resolution.

## Top React Unit Testing Tools

There are numerous libraries and tools available to aid in React unit testing. Let's explore the most popular and widely-used options:

1. [Jest](https://jestjs.io/)
2. [React Testing Library](https://testing-library.com/docs/react-testing-library/intro/)
3. [Enzyme](https://enzymejs.github.io/enzyme/)

### Jest

Developed by Facebook, [Jest](https://jestjs.io/) is a widely-used testing tool designed specifically for JavaScript and React applications. The framework excels with its out-of-the-box features, such as parallel test execution, intelligent test scheduling, support for Promises, and comprehensive code coverage reports.

Here's an example of a simple Jest test that checks whether the `App` component renders the text "Hello, React!":

```javascript
import React from 'react';
import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
import App from './App';

test('renders hello react', () => {
  const { getByText } = render(<App />);
  const linkElement = getByText(/Hello, React!/i);
  expect(linkElement).toBeInTheDocument();
});
```

### React Testing Library

For a more React-focused approach to unit testing, the [React Testing Library](https://testing-library.com/docs/react-testing-library/intro/) is your go-to choice. It encourages a testing style focused on user interaction and the render output, ensuring that your tests correctly mirror real-world use cases. By targeting elements produced in the DOM, as opposed to internal component instances, React Testing Library upholds robust testing principles.

Consider this example, testing a button's functionality when clicked:

```javascript
import React from 'react';
import { render, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
import Button from './Button';

test('button fires onClick and changes text on click', () => {
  const { getByText } = render(<Button />);
  const buttonElement = getByText(/Click me!/i);

  fireEvent.click(buttonElement);

  expect(buttonElement).toHaveTextContent(/Clicked!/i);
});
```

### Enzyme

Created by Airbnb, [Enzyme](https://enzymejs.github.io/enzyme/) is another popular React testing tool. Its API enables rendering and manipulation of components, providing developers with more flexibility in their testing approaches, such as shallow rendering, full DOM rendering or static rendering.

However, it is worth noting that Enzyme's flexibility can sometimes lead to tests that are more focused on implementation details instead of the user experience. This makes future refactors more difficult, as it might require rewriting tests as component implementation changes.

Here's an example of a simple Enzyme test that checks if a button has been clicked:

```javascript
import React from 'react';
import { shallow } from 'enzyme';
import Button from './Button';

test('button fires onClick and changes text on click', () => {
  const wrapper = shallow(<Button />);
  const buttonElement = wrapper.find('button');

  buttonElement.simulate('click');

  expect(buttonElement.text()).toEqual('Clicked!');
});
```

## Unit Testing Best Practices

When creating unit tests for your React applications, adhere to these best practices:

1. **Focus on user interactions**: Target your tests on the actual rendered output and user interactions to ensure your components work as intended in real-world scenarios.
2. **Test single components**: Keep your unit tests small, focusing on one aspect of a component at a time.
3. **Write descriptive test names**: Clearly describe the intended purpose of the test. This will help when tests fail, making it easier to diagnose issues.
4. **Maintain a high test coverage**: Use code coverage tools, like Jest's built-in coverage reports, to ensure your tests cover a significant portion of your codebase.

## Conclusion

Unit testing is a crucial aspect of React development, fostering confidence in your codebase and easing the maintenance process. Remember to focus on user interactions and real-world scenarios, utilizing testing tools such as Jest, React Testing Library, and Enzyme for an enhanced workflow. By following these best practices, you will strengthen your React applications, ensuring dependable code that can withstand the rigors of modern web development.

Create more reliable React applications with unit testing best practices, tools, and resources.

Getting started with unit testing in React.js


**NestJS vs Express: A Detailed Comparison for Software Engineers**

As a Software Engineer, you're often tasked with choosing the right framework to build efficient and scalable web applications. Among the numerous popular JavaScript frameworks, NestJS and Express stand out as major contenders. To help you decide which framework is best suited for your needs, we've analyzed the core features, advantages, and drawbacks of NestJS and Express.

**I. Introduction to NestJS**

[NestJS](https://nestjs.com/) is a modern, progressive Node.js framework for developing efficient and scalable server-side applications. Its architecture is designed around modularity, facilitating easy code organization and reliable maintenance.

_Benefits of NestJS:_

1. **Modular Architecture:** Encapsulates code into separate modules, promoting reusability and maintainability.
2. **Dependency Injection (DI):** Ensures simplified testing and improved modularity.
3. **TypeScript support:** Enhances code quality with static typing and autocomplete.
4. **Extensibility:** Offers an extensive range of plugins and integration with other libraries.
5. **Documentation:** Provides comprehensive and easy-to-follow [documentation](https://docs.nestjs.com/).

_Drawbacks of NestJS:_

1. **Relatively steep learning curve:** Might take time for developers who are not familiar with TypeScript and Angular.
2. **Smaller ecosystem:** While growing rapidly, the NestJS community and available resources are somewhat limited compared to Express.

**II. Introduction to Express**

[Express](https://expressjs.com/) is a popular and minimal Node.js web application framework that offers streamlined features for building web applications and APIs. As a flexible and unopinionated framework, Express provides developers with the autonomy to structure their applications the way they want.

_Benefits of Express:_

1. **Simplicity:** The minimalistic approach makes it easy to quickly prototype applications.
2. **Versatility:** Provides the freedom to structure applications the way developers want, without being constrained by predefined guidelines.
3. **Large Community and Ecosystem:** An extensive community and countless modules available via [npm](https://www.npmjs.com/) make it easier to find solutions and support.
4. **Performance:** Lightweight and faster by default, making it ideal for smaller applications and projects where flexibility is key.

_Drawbacks of Express:_

1. **Lack of Structure:** While the freedom to create custom application architectures works for some, others may find it challenging and time-consuming.
2. **Dependency on Middleware:** Requires installation and configuration of middleware for tasks that may be native to more opinionated frameworks.
3. **No Native TypeScript support:** Requires additional configuration to enable TypeScript support compared to NestJS.

**III. NestJS and Express: Features and Performance in Real-World Scenarios**

Now that we have a better understanding of both NestJS and Express, let's dive into a few real-world use cases to ascertain which framework thrives in which situation.

1. _Scalable Large-Scale Applications_

   Developing a large-scale application entails considerations like maintainability, organization, and long-term support. NestJS, with its modular architecture, built-in TypeScript support, and dependency injection, is designed to withstand these challenges. Conversely, while Express may be adept for smaller projects, its self-structuring nature could lead to time-consuming code refactoring and challenges when maintaining larger projects.

2. _Rapid Prototyping and Smaller Projects_

   Express excels in situations such as rapid prototyping or smaller applications, where speed and simplicity are preferred. NestJS's robust architecture, on the other hand, may be too comprehensive for projects that do not require intense structure or scalability.

3. _Development Team Familiarity_

   Additionally, it's essential to consider the familiarity and preference of your development team. An Express-centric team may struggle with the learning curve of NestJS, resulting in a less streamlined workflow. On the other hand, NestJS might be ideal for those versed in Angular and TypeScript.

4. _Building APIs_
   
   When it comes to building APIs, both frameworks can be utilized efficiently. However, for simple REST API development, Express's lightweight framework may be ideal. If you require more complexity and organization, NestJS allows for GraphQL integration using [Apollo Server](https://www.apollographql.com/docs/apollo-server/) or [nestjs/graphql](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@nestjs/graphql).

**Conclusion**

In the battle of NestJS vs Express, the choice ultimately comes down to the specific requirements of your project and development team. If you prioritize a more opinionated, structured, and scalable architecture, NestJS is an excellent choice. For projects where simplicity, versatility, and rapid development are essential, Express is the definitive selection. By analyzing your project requirements and the strengths of each framework, you'll be equipped to make an informed decision, optimizing your web development experience.

Delve into NestJS and Express, analyze their features and capabilities, and uncover the ideal pick for developing web applications.

NestJS vs Express: A Detailed Comparison for Software Engineers


Uncover the power of TypeORM and NestJS integration for effective database management. Explore, step-by-step, modern techniques to streamline your development process. Throughout this article, you'll learn how to set up a new NestJS project, configure the TypeORM module, create a new entity, and interact with the data using repositories. The target audience for this tutorial is web developers familiar with TypeScript and looking to develop scalable applications with TypeORM and NestJS.

## Prerequisites

To follow along with this tutorial, make sure you meet the following requirements:

- Have Node.js (version 14.x or higher) installed
- Have a working knowledge of TypeScript
- Familiarity with object-relational mapping (ORM)

## Setting Up the Project

Start by installing the NestJS CLI using the following command:

```bash
npm i -g @nestjs/cli
```

Next, create a new NestJS project using the NestJS CLI by running:

```bash
nest new your_project_name
```

Replace `your_project_name` with the desired name for your project. Navigate to the project directory:

```bash
cd your_project_name
```

## Installing TypeORM and Dependencies

Now, install TypeORM and its required dependencies using the following command:

```bash
npm install --save @nestjs/typeorm typeorm pg
```

In this example, we'll use PostgreSQL as our database. Replace `pg` with the appropriate npm package if you prefer another database, such as `mysql` or `sqlite3`.

## Configuring TypeORM within NestJS

Create a new file named `ormconfig.json` in the root of your project directory. This file will store the configuration for TypeORM. Add the following properties to configure the connection to the PostgreSQL database:

```json
{
  "type": "postgres",
  "host": "localhost",
  "port": 5432,
  "username": "your_db_username",
  "password": "your_db_password",
  "database": "your_db_name",
  "entities": ["dist/**/*.entity.js"],
  "synchronize": true
}
```

Replace `your_db_username`, `your_db_password`, and `your_db_name` with your database credentials.

Next, import the `TypeOrmModule` from `@nestjs/typeorm` in `app.module.ts`. 

```typescript
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
```

Include the `TypeOrmModule` in the `imports` array of the `@Module` decorator and use the `forRoot()` method to load the ORM configuration:

```typescript
imports: [TypeOrmModule.forRoot()]
```

Your `app.module.ts` should now look like this:

```typescript
import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { AppController } from './app.controller';
import { AppService } from './app.service';

@Module({
  imports: [TypeOrmModule.forRoot()],
  controllers: [AppController],
  providers: [AppService],
})
export class AppModule {}
```

## Creating an Entity

An Entity is a TypeScript class mapped to a database table. In this example, we'll be creating a simple `User` entity. Create a new folder called `entities` inside the `src` folder, and then create a new file named `user.entity.ts`. Add the following content to that file:

```typescript
import { Entity, Column, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';

@Entity()
export class User {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
  id: number;

  @Column({ unique: true })
  email: string;

  @Column()
  name: string;
}
```

## Creating a Repository

A Repository is a class that interacts with your entity and performs the necessary CRUD operations. In this article, we will create a repository for the `User` entity.

First, create a new folder named `users` inside the `src` folder. Now create a file named `users.repository.ts` and add the following code:

```typescript
import { EntityRepository, Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { User } from '../entities/user.entity';

@EntityRepository(User)
export class UsersRepository extends Repository<User> {}
```

## Integrating the Repository in a Service

Now, let's create a `UsersService` that will use the `UsersRepository` to handle the CRUD operations for the `User` entity. Create a new file named `users.service.ts` in the `users` folder:

```typescript
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { UsersRepository } from './users.repository';
import { User } from '../entities/user.entity';

@Injectable()
export class UsersService {
  constructor(private readonly usersRepository: UsersRepository) {}

  async findAll(): Promise<User[]> {
    return await this.usersRepository.find();
  }
}
```

And finally, import both the `UsersService` and `UsersRepository` in `app.module.ts`.

```typescript
import { UsersRepository } from './users/users.repository';
import { UsersService } from './users/users.service';
```

Add them to the `providers` array in the `@Module` decorator as well:

```typescript
providers: [AppService, UsersService, UsersRepository]
```

You have successfully integrated TypeORM with NestJS, set up a connection to a PostgreSQL database, created an entity, and used a repository to interact with the Entity.

Now you can extend your application further by implementing different functionalities of your choice using TypeORM and NestJS. For additional information on TypeORM and NestJS, significant resources can be found in the [TypeORM documentation](https://typeorm.io) and the official [NestJS documentation](https://docs.nestjs.com).


Create robust, scalable applications using TypeORM and NestJS, learn how to integrate them for powerful database management in this step-by-step tutorial.

Delving Developer

Moving from Laravel to NestJS: Key Differences and Benefits

NestJS Performance Optimization: Expert Tips

Getting started with unit testing in React.js

NestJS vs Express: A Detailed Comparison for Software Engineers

Effortlessly Integrate TypeORM with NestJS: A Step-By-Step Guide